Refrigerator Not Cooling: Common Causes and How to Fix It

If your refrigerator is not cooling properly, the problem could be caused by a faulty cooling component, restricted airflow, or an electrical failure. Before replacing any parts, inspect the most common causes listed below.

Possible Causes

1. Dirty condenser coils
2. Faulty evaporator fan motor
3. Failed condenser fan motor
4. Defective start relay
5. Faulty temperature control thermostat
6. Defrost system failure
7. Failed compressor
8. Defective main control board

1. Dirty Condenser Coils

Most Common Solution

Dirty condenser coils prevent the refrigerator from releasing heat efficiently, forcing the cooling system to work harder. As dust and debris build up, cooling performance decreases, and the refrigerator may not maintain the proper temperature.

What to do:

• Unplug the refrigerator.
• Locate the condenser coils.
• Remove dust and debris using a vacuum or condenser coil brush.
• Restore power and allow several hours for the refrigerator to cool.

2. Evaporator Fan Motor

The evaporator fan motor circulates cold air throughout the refrigerator and freezer compartments. If the fan stops working, the freezer may still be cold while the refrigerator section becomes warm.

What to do:

• Listen for the fan when the freezer door is opened.
• Check for ice buildup or obstructions.
• Spin the fan blade by hand to verify it turns freely.
• Test the motor for continuity using a multimeter.
• Replace the motor if it is defective.

3. Condenser Fan Motor

The condenser fan motor cools the compressor and condenser coils. If it fails, the refrigerator may not cool properly and the compressor can overheat.

What to do:

• Inspect the fan for debris or obstructions.
• Ensure the fan blade spins freely.
• Test the motor for continuity.
• Replace the motor if it does not operate correctly.

4. Start Relay

The start relay helps the compressor start each cooling cycle. A failed relay can prevent the compressor from running, causing the refrigerator to stop cooling.

What to do:

• Disconnect power to the refrigerator.
• Remove the start relay from the compressor.
• Inspect for burn marks or physical damage.
• Test the relay with a multimeter.
• Replace it if it is defective.

5. Temperature Control Thermostat

A faulty thermostat may not send power to the compressor or fan motors, preventing the refrigerator from cooling.

What to do:

• Turn the thermostat through its temperature settings.
• Listen for a clicking sound.
• Test the thermostat for continuity.
• Replace the thermostat if it fails testing.

6. Defrost System Failure

A failed defrost system allows frost to accumulate on the evaporator coils, restricting airflow and reducing cooling performance.

What to do:

• Remove the rear panel inside the freezer.
• Inspect the evaporator coils for heavy frost buildup.
• If excessive frost is present, inspect the defrost heater, defrost thermostat, and defrost control board.

7. Compressor

The compressor circulates refrigerant through the sealed cooling system. If it fails, the refrigerator will not be able to produce cold air.

What to do:

• Listen for the compressor running.
• Check for clicking noises or overheating.
• Test the compressor windings if necessary.
• Replace the compressor if it has failed. Professional installation is recommended.

8. Main Control Board

The main control board controls many of the refrigerator's functions. Although control board failures are less common, they can prevent the cooling system from operating correctly.

What to do:

• Inspect the board for visible signs of damage.
• Rule out all other components before replacing the control board.

Need Help Finding the Correct Part?

If you need help identifying the correct replacement part, send us your complete refrigerator model number and a clear photo of the appliance identification label before placing your order. Our team will verify compatibility and help ensure you receive the correct replacement part the first time.